Sodium benzoate
CAS Number: 532-32-1
Chemical Formula: C7H5NaO2
Synonyms:
SODIUM BENZOATE
PUROX S
femanumber3025
Appearance: White Powder
MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity): 1 FCL Full Container Load
Sodium benzoate, also called benzoic acid sodium salt, is widely used as a food preservative in the food industry. It is odorless or has a faint benzoin odor, with a sweet and astringent taste. It is stable in air but can absorb moisture when exposed. It occurs naturally in blueberries, apples, plums, cranberries, prunes, cinnamon, and cloves. Its antiseptic effect is weaker than that of benzoic acid; 1.180 g of sodium benzoate equals roughly 1 g of benzoic acid in preservative action. In acidic conditions, sodium benzoate strongly inhibits many microorganisms. At pH 3.5, a 0.05% solution fully suppresses yeast growth. Above pH 5.5, it works poorly against many molds and yeasts, and it is nearly ineffective in alkaline media. After ingestion, sodium benzoate is metabolized by combining with glycine to form hippuric acid or with glucuronic acid to form glucuronides, then excreted in urine without accumulation. At normal usage levels, it is safe for humans. It is used in carbonated drinks, concentrated juices, margarine, chewing gum base, jams, jellies, soy sauce, and more. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is less than 5 mg/kg body weight (calculated as benzoic acid).
Parameters
| Item | Value |
| Melting point | >300 °C (lit.) |
| density | 1.44 g/cm3 |
| vapor pressure | 0Pa at 20℃ |
| FEMA | 3025 | SODIUM BENZOATE |
| Fp | >100°C |
| storage temp. | room temp |
| solubility | H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
| pka | 4.03[at 20 ℃] |
| form | Crystals, Granules, Flakes or Crystalline Powder |
| color | White |
| Odor | odorless |
| PH | 7.0-8.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
| biological source | synthetic |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| Merck | 14,8582 |
| BRN | 3572467 |
| Stability | Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis, mineral acids. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | FRAGRANCE, ANTICORROSIVE, PRESERVATIVE |
| InChI | 1S/C7H6O2.Na/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5H,(H,8,9);/q;+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | [Na+].[O-]C(=O)c1ccccc1 |
| LogP | 1.88 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 532-32-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Sodium benzoate(532-32-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Sodium benzoate (532-32-1) |
Safety Information
| Item | Value |
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 36/37/38-62-63-68-36 |
| Safety Statements | 24/25-36-26 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | DH6650000 |
| Autoignition Temperature | >500°C |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 29163100 |
| Storage Class | 13 – Non Combustible Solids |
| Hazard Classifications | Eye Irrit. 2 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 532-32-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 4.07 g/kg (Smyth, Carpenter) |
Product Application
Sodium benzoate is mainly used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. It is used at 0.02–0.5% in oral medicines, 0.5% in parenteral products, and 0.1–0.5% in cosmetics. Its preservative function is limited to a narrow effective pH range.
It is often preferred over benzoic acid due to its higher water solubility, though it may add an undesirable taste in some uses. It also serves as a tablet lubricant at 2–5% w/w. Sodium benzoate solutions have been used orally or intravenously to test liver function.
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