Tetrahydrofuran
CAS Number: 109-99-9
Chemical Formula: C4H8O
Synonyms:
1,4-Epoxybutane
Butylene oxide
Cyclotetramethylene oxide
Appearance: Colorless liquid
HS Code: 29321100
MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity): 1 FCL (Full Container Load)
Tetrahydrofuran, commonly shortened to THF, is a cyclic organic compound classified as an ether. It is formed by fully hydrogenating the aromatic compound furan. As one of the most polar ethers, THF serves widely as a medium-polarity solvent for chemical synthesis and extraction processes. At room temperature, it appears as a colorless, volatile liquid with a typical ether odor. It dissolves readily in water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, and most other organic solvents, earning it the nickname “universal solvent”. THF is partially miscible with water at ambient temperature. Over time, THF can form peroxides when stored, so commercial grades usually include BHT as an antioxidant. The moisture level is controlled to ≤0.2%. It features low toxicity, a low boiling point, and excellent flow properties.
Parameters
| Parameter | Value |
| Melting point | -108°C |
| Boiling point | 66 °C |
| density | 0.887 g/mL at 20 °C |
| vapor density | 2.5 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | <0.01 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| refractive index | n 20/D 1.465 |
| Fp | >230 °F |
| storage temp. | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| solubility | water: soluble |
| form | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.89 |
| color | <10(APHA) |
| Relative polarity | 0.207 |
| PH | 7-8 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Odor | Ethereal, detectable at 2 to 50 ppm |
| PH Range | 7 |
| explosive limit | 1.5-12.4%(V) |
| Water Solubility | miscible |
| FreezingPoint | -108℃ |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
| λmax | λ: 245 nm Amax: ≤0.26 λ: 275 nm Amax: ≤0.046 λ: 315 μm Amax: ≤0.0044 |
| Merck | 14,9211 |
| BRN | 102391 |
| Henry’s Law Constant | 1.54 (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998) |
| Exposure limits | TLV-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m³) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); STEL 250 ppm (ACGIH); IDLH 20,000 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Dielectric constant | 7.5800000000000001 |
| Dielectric constant | 11.6（-70℃） |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with halogens, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases, oxygen. May generate explosive peroxides in storage if in contact with air. Highly flammable. Store at room temperature under nitrogen. Hazardous polymerisation may occur. Light sensitive. May contain 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as a stabilizer. |
| InChIKey | WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP | 0.45 at 25℃ |
| Surface tension | 27.31mN/m at 293.15K |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 109-99-9(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Furan, tetrahydro-(109-99-9) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. 119) 2019 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9) |
| Absorption | ≤0.0044 at 315nm ≤0.005 at 350nm ≤0.005 at 400nm ≤0.02 at 300nm ≤0.046 at 275nm ≤0.18 at 250nm ≤0.26 at 245nm ≤1.0 at 212nm |
Safety Information
| Item | Details |
| Hazard Codes | Xi,F,Xn |
| Risk Statements | 36/37/38-36/37-19-11-40 |
| Safety Statements | 26-36-33-29-16-46-37-13 |
| RIDADR | UN 2924 3/PG 2 |
| OEB | A |
| OEL | TWA: 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), STEL: 250 ppm (735 mg/m3) |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | MD0916000 |
| F | 3-10-23 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 610 °F |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HazardClass | 3 |
| PackingGroup | II |
| HS Code | 29321100 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 109-99-9(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 oral (rat) 2880 mg/kg LC50 inhal (rat) 21,000 ppm (3 h) PEL (OSHA) 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 250 ppm (737 mg/m3) |
| IDLA | 2,000 ppm [10% LEL] |
Product Application of Tetrahydrofuran CAS# 109-99-9
Applied as a solvent and a starting material for diverse organic synthesis reactions.
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